10 Popular Hindi Movies You Didn’t Know Are Based on Books

Bollywood has long drawn inspiration from a variety of sources, with literature being one of the most enduring. While adaptations of classic novels in Hindi cinema are well-known, many popular movies are based on books that often go unnoticed by mainstream audiences. Here’s a look at 9 Hindi movies you might not know are based on literary works:
1. Haider (2014)
Based on: Hamlet by William Shakespeare

Vishal Bhardwaj’s “Haider”, the final installment in his Shakespeare trilogy, is a modern-day retelling of Hamlet. Set against the backdrop of the Kashmir conflict, the film follows Haider (Shahid Kapoor) as he grapples with his father’s disappearance and uncovers layers of betrayal. While Hamlet is universally known, not everyone realises “Haider” is its Indian cinematic counterpart.
2. Kai Po Che (2013)
Based on: The 3 Mistakes of My Life by Chetan Bhagat

Chetan Bhagat’s novels have often made their way into Bollywood and “Kai Po Che” is one of the most critically acclaimed adaptations. Directed by Abhishek Kapoor, the film focuses on three friends who navigate business, friendship, love and the political-religious tensions of early 2000s Gujarat. While Chetan Bhagat’s book was well-received, “Kai Po Che” took the emotional intensity up a notch with powerful performances and a poignant portrayal of Gujarat riots.
3. Guide (1965)
Based on: The Guide by R.K. Narayan

Vijay Anand’s “Guide” is considered a classic in Indian cinema but few people are aware that it’s based on R.K. Narayan’s novel of the same name. The film follows Raju (Dev Anand), a tour guide who becomes romantically involved with a married woman, Rosie (Waheeda Rehman), and later undergoes a spiritual transformation. While the movie introduces more dramatic elements than the book, the core themes of self-discovery and redemption are preserved.
4. Omkara (2006)
Based on: Othello by William Shakespeare

Another of Vishal Bhardwaj’s adaptations of Shakespeare, “Omkara” brings Othello to the Indian heartland. The film stars Ajay Devgn as Omkara (Othello), Kareena Kapoor as Dolly (Desdemona) and Saif Ali Khan in an unforgettable role as Langda Tyagi (Iago). The themes of jealousy, betrayal and tragedy are deftly adapted to the context of rural crime politics, making it one of the best Shakespearean adaptations in Bollywood.
5. Parineeta (2005)
Based on: Parineeta by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay

This 2005 romantic drama starring Vidya Balan, Saif Ali Khan and Sanjay Dutt is based on Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay’s Bengali novel Parineeta. The film takes some liberties in its adaptation, especially in fleshing out the characters and dramatising the plot. However, it stays true to the essence of the story — a poignant tale of love, class differences and social constraints in colonial India.
6. Maqbool (2004)
Based on: Macbeth by William Shakespeare

Vishal Bhardwaj’s fascination with Shakespeare continues with “Maqbool”, an adaptation of Macbeth. Set in the Mumbai underworld, the film stars Irrfan Khan in the titular role and Pankaj Kapur as a don inspired by King Duncan. As Maqbool rises in the criminal hierarchy, he finds himself haunted by guilt and paranoia, mirroring Macbeth’s descent into madness. Bhardwaj’s use of the gangster genre brings a gritty realism to the classic tale of ambition and downfall.
7. Saawariya (2007)
Based on: White Nights by Fyodor Dostoevsky

Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s “Saawariya” starring Ranbir Kapoor and Sonam Kapoor in their debut roles is based on Fyodor Dostoevsky’s short story White Nights. Though Bhansali’s cinematic vision is grand and heavily stylised, the core narrative follows the original closely — the story of a lonely man who falls in love with a woman waiting for someone else. “Saawariya” is a melancholic exploration of unrequited love and longing, much like Dostoevsky’s work.
8. Aisha (2010)
Based on: Emma by Jane Austen

“Aisha” starring Sonam Kapoor and Abhay Deol is an Indian adaptation of Jane Austen’s novel Emma. The film transports Austen’s tale of matchmaking, misunderstandings and self-discovery into modern-day Delhi’s elite social circles. While the film received mixed reviews, it offers a refreshing take on Austen’s themes of vanity, romance and personal growth in an Indian context.
9. Lootera (2013)
Based on: The Last Leaf by O. Henry

“Lootera” directed by Vikramaditya Motwane and starring Ranveer Singh and Sonakshi Sinha is inspired by O. Henry’s short story The Last Leaf. The film is a slow-burning romance set in 1950s Bengal where an art thief falls in love with a woman battling illness. “Lootera” beautifully captures the emotional depth of O. Henry’s tale, while expanding on its themes of love, sacrifice and redemption.
10. Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (1999)
Based on: Na Hanyate by Tarasankar Bandopadhyay

Directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali, “Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam” is a visually stunning Hindi film that draws inspiration from the Bengali novel Na Hanyate by the renowned author Tarasankar Bandopadhyay. The story revolves around the themes of love, sacrifice and self-discovery, encapsulating the intense emotions of its characters. Nandini played by Aishwarya Rai is caught in a tumultuous love triangle between her passionate romance with Sameer, portrayed by Salman Khan, and her dutiful marriage to Vanraj, played by Ajay Devgn. The film explores the cultural nuances of love and the complexities of human relationships, echoing the poignant narrative of Bandopadhyay’s work.
Did we miss any movie? Let us know in the comments section below.